German Shepherds are intelligent, sensitive dogs that need real daily exercise, ideally at least two 45-minute active sessions. They have a genuine tendency toward mouthiness and guarding instincts that need addressing early. Dominance theory has been thoroughly disproven; what actually works is straightforward reward-based training with treats, praise or play. Breaking complex behaviours into small steps works far better than expecting the whole thing at once. Given their joint health risks, avoid strenuous exercise like agility training until bones have finished developing, typically around 12 to 18 months. A long line gives a dog with unreliable recall real freedom while keeping you in control, and a muzzle can reduce tension for both owner and dog.