A well-socialised, well-trained Jack Russell makes a resilient, up-for-anything companion who thrives on being part of the family. The breed was developed in the 1800s to go to ground and bolt foxes from their dens, which is why modern pet Jack Russells have strong digging and prey drive instincts. Jack Russells are headstrong and require early, thorough socialisation, consistent training with clear boundaries, substantial daily exercise, and mental stimulation through trick training and searching games. A reliable recall and leave-it cue are essential given their prey drive. Training sessions should be short and start early, within the first 100 days of a puppy's life. Positive reinforcement methods work best with this intelligent and affection-motivated breed.