Border Collies are high-energy dogs bred for sheep herding, athletic, intelligent and genuinely hard to tire out through physical exercise alone. Alongside their physical needs, they need a fair amount of mental stimulation too, they're one of the most intelligent breeds around, and training plays a real role in keeping them mentally well. That drive to herd doesn't switch off just because there aren't any sheep around. It can show up as nipping at heels, chasing joggers, cyclists or children, or an intense fixation on moving objects. Aim for around two hours of exercise daily, typically split into a morning and evening walk, with as much of that time off the lead as possible. Ninety minutes is the practical minimum. Puppies need much less, since their bones and joints are still developing. A useful rule of thumb is around five minutes of exercise per month of age, per session. Older dogs need less daily exercise, but regular walks remain important for physical and mental health. Because Border Collies are wired for both physical and mental engagement, off-lead walks combined with scent work, puzzle feeders, or trick training make a real difference.